Dae e rarahaneng ea tšepe ke lelapa la lidae tse nang le litšepe tse hokahaneng le karolo ea manyolo.Lidae tse ngata tsa azo, haholo-holo tse nkiloeng ho naphthols, li etsa li-complexes tsa tšepe ka ho rarahana ha e 'ngoe ea litsi tsa azo nitrogen.Lidae tse rarahaneng tsa tšepe ke lidae tse entsoeng esale pele tse bonts'ang kamano e kholo le likhoele tsa protheine.Ka dae ena, molek'hule e le 'ngoe kapa tse peli tsa dae li hokahanngoa le ion ea tšepe.Molek'hule oa dae hangata ke sebopeho sa monoazo se nang le lihlopha tse ling tse kang hydroxyl, carboxyl kapa amino, tse khonang ho etsa li-complexes tse matla tsa ho hokahanya tse nang le li-ion tsa tšepe tse fetohang joalo ka chromium, cobalt, nickel le koporo.